由 dawei
1. 从官网下载 mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
官网： http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
我是下到了windows本地，然后通过winscp工具上传到centos6服务器上，我一般喜欢给文件赋权限，chmod a+x mysql-5.7.13-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz,但是我看有的程序员不做这一步也是可以的。
2. 创建mysql的用户组/用户,data目录及其用户目录
# groupadd mysql # useradd -g mysql -d /opt/my/mysql mysql # mkdir /opt/my/mysql/data
3. 解压安装包并将解压包里的内容拷贝到mysql的安装目录/home/mysql
# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
# mv mysql-5.7.9-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
4. 初始化mysql数据库
p.s.: mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出，mysql_install_db已经不再推荐使用了，建议改成mysqld --initialize完成实例初始化。
# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/my/mysql --datadir=/opt/my/mysql/data --initialize
改用mysqld --initialize后，如果 datadir 指向的目标目录下已经有数据文件,会出现如下提示：
# cd /home/mysql # ./bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data 2015-11-10 02:09:17 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize 2015-11-10 02:09:23 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty: 2015-11-10 02:09:23 [WARNING] 2015-11-10T10:09:18.114182Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead 2015-11-10T10:09:18.129343Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000) 2015-11-10T10:09:18.129408Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000)
p.s.: mysql5.7新特性：由上面可以看出，mysql_install_db已经不再推荐使用了，建议改成mysqld --initialize完成实例初始化。
# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize
改用
mysqld --initialize
后，如果 datadir 指向的目标目录下已经有数据文件,会出现如下提示：
# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize 2016-04-08T01:46:53.153530Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2016-04-08T01:46:53.155856Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting. 2016-04-08T01:46:53.155879Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
<span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; background-color: rgb(255,255,255);">由上可知， 我们需要清空</span><a target=_blank target="_blank" href="http://lib.csdn.net/base/mysql" class="replace_word" title="MySQL知识库" style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(223,52,52); font-weight: bold; background-color: rgb(255,255);">MySQL</a><span style="white-space: nowrap; font-family: "microsoft yahei"; background-color: rgb(255,255);">的data目录， 执行清空命令如下：</span>
# cd /opt/my/mysql/data # rm -fr *
然后重新执行初始化命令如下：
# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize 2016-04-08T01:47:57.556677Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2016-04-08T01:47:59.945537Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created,LSN=45790 2016-04-08T01:48:00.333528Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.434908Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found,so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: ece26421-fd2b-11e5-a1e3-00163e001e5c. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440125Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2016-04-08T01:48:00.440904Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: **mjT,#x_5sW
牢记上面的随机密码， 如上“,下面我们修改密码时需要用到。
5. 检测下是否能启动mysql服务
# cd /home/mysql # ./support-files/mysql.server start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
若改用了， 则在启动服务时会出现如下错误：
# ./support-files/mysql.server start ./support-files/mysql.server: line 276: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
这时候我们需要修改/support-files/mysql.server文件的basedir和datadir目录路径为我们正确的mysql的basedir和datadir路径， 如下：
# vim support-files/mysql.server -------------------------- ... basedir=/home/mysql datadir=/home/mysql/data ... -------------------------- # ./support-files/mysql.server start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
6. 创建软链接
# ln -s /opt/my/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
7. 创建配置文件
将默认生成的my.cnf备份
# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak
进入mysql的安装目录支持文件目录
# cd /opt/my/mysql/support-files
拷贝配置文件模板为新的mysql配置文件,
# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
可按需修改新的配置文件选项， 不修改配置选项， mysql则按默认配置参数运行.
如下是我修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf， 设置编码为utf8以防乱码
# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir = /opt/my/mysql datadir = /home/mysql/data character_set_server=utf8 init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' [client] default-character-set=utf8
8. 配置mysql服务开机自动启动
拷贝启动文件到/etc/init.d/下并重命令为mysqld
# cp /opt/my/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
增加执行权限
# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
检查自启动项列表中没有mysqld这个，如果没有就添加mysqld：
# chkconfig --list mysqld # chkconfig --add mysqld
设置MySQL在345等级自动启动
# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
或用这个命令设置开机启动：
# chkconfig mysqld on
9. mysql服务的启动/重启/停止
启动mysql服务
# service mysqld start
重启mysql服务
# service mysqld restart
停止mysql服务
# service mysqld stop
10. 初始化mysql用户root的密码
先将mysql服务停止
# service mysqld stop
进入mysql安装目录， 执行：
# cd /home/mysql # ./bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking& [1] 6225 [root@localhost mysql]# 151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Logging to '/home/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.err'. 151110 02:46:08 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /home/mysql/data
另外打开一个终端(p.s. 如果是ssh连接登录的,另外创建一个ssh连接即可）， 执行操作如下：
# mysql -u root mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000,2015,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('123456') WHERE user='root';
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'password' in 'field list'
mysql> update user set authentication_string = PASSWORD('123456') where user = 'root';
Query OK,1 row affected,1 warning (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> \s
--------------
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.9,for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
Connection id: 2
Current database: mysql
Current user: root@
SSL: Not in use
Current pager: stdout
Using outfile: ''
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset: utf8
Db characterset: utf8
Client characterset: utf8
Conn. characterset: utf8
UNIX socket: /tmp/mysql.sock
Uptime: 4 min 47 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 43 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 127 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 122 Queries per second avg: 0.149
--------------
mysql> exit;
Bye
到此， 设置完mysql用户root的密码且确保mysql编码集是utf8,注意上面， 新版本的mysql.user表里的密码字段是authentication_string
快捷键ctrl + c停止# ./bin/mysqld_safe ...命令， 重新启动mysql服务， 用新密码连接mysql：
# service mysqld start Starting MySQL SUCCESS! [root@localhost bin]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.9 Copyright (c) 2000,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql > exit; Bye
咦？又要我改密码， 我们通过mysqladmin来修改密码， 先输入原密码， 再设置新密码， 总算可以了吧！！！
# cd /home/mysql # ./bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password Enter password: New password: Confirm new password: Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text,use ssl connection to ensure password safety. # mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.7.9 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql>
或直接：
# ./bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p'**mjT,#x_5sW' password '123456' mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text,use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
其中，**mjT,#x_5sW就是我们在使用mysqld --initialize时牢记下的随机密码
11. mysql远程授权
格式如下：
mysql> grant all [privileges] on db_name.table_name to 'username'@'host' identified by 'password';
示例如下：
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456'; Query OK,0 rows affected,1 warning (0.04 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK,0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
或用
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456';
到此， 完成了mysql的安装 及配置！！！
我自己用的下面这种：
安装完mysql 之后，登陆以后，不管运行任何命令，总是提示这个
step 1:SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD(‘your new password‘);
step 2:ALTER USER‘root‘@‘localhost‘ PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
step 3:flush privileges;
完成以上三步退出再登，使用新设置的密码就行了，以上除了红色的自己修改成新密码外，其他原样输入即可